Blue Spring State Park, FL
Our friends from up north arrived, and warmer weather from the south made its appearance about the same time. Margery and Barb were in a Bible study back in Pittsburgh in the 1970s. Although Barb and her husband Kent moved away from Pittsburgh many years ago, we have remained in touch with them.
After they got settled in their motel across the street, Barb and Kent came over to Blueberry Hill where we caught up with old times over dinner at our motor home.
Although the next day was partly to mostly cloudy, we all decided to get out and enjoy some sightseeing after the recent cold weather. We have been wanting to see manatees; and we recently heard about Blue Spring State Park, which is supposed to be one of the best places in Florida to see them.
Blue Spring State Park is located near Orange City, FL, which is close to New Smyrna Beach over on the east coast where we stayed in December; however, we didn't know about the spring at the time. There are places like Crystal River which is closer to where we are staying now in Bushnell where we could see manatees, but Blue Spring sounded so good we decided to make the 80-mile drive there instead. We weren't disappointed. The photo below shows just some of the large number of manatees at Blue Spring.
Although Blue Spring Run is only about one third of a mile long before if flows into the St. Johns River, the count of manatees in the run the day we were there was 192. The count was down a little from a couple of days earlier because the weather had warmed up a little and a larger number of the Manatees were spending a little more time out in the St. Johns River rather in the warmer spring run. The St. Johns River starts near Melbourne, FL, and flows south to north reaching the Atlantic at Jacksonville.
Manatees, which are mammals that are distant relatives of elephants, weigh 800 to 1200 pounds and grow to be 9 or 10 feet long with a maximum length of about 12 feet. Females are slightly larger than males. The next photo shows a larger manatee. The green tint on its back and tail is algae.
Manatees have a low metabolism, and therefore can't stand cold water temperatures. In fact, they can die if exposed to water temperatures below 60 degrees for extended periods. Manatees inhabit the shallow coastal regions of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic to Georgia, although manatees have been spotted as far north as Cape Cod. The manatees in Florida and the Caribbean are known as West Indian manatees. There are also Amazonian and West African manatees.
Manatees are listed as an endangered species. Although sharks and alligators are potential predators, the manatees' biggest threat is from humans. Boat strikes are the biggest single cause of manatee deaths. The slow-moving, curious nature of the manatees along with heavy coastal development in Florida cause numerous manatee injuries. Many manatees like the ones toward the left in the photo below have scars from boat propellers.
Although it's difficult to get accurate counts of the population of manatees, there are believed to be 1000 to 3000 of them in Florida. Unfortunately, it appears the number may be declining. One thing that slows population growth is the fact that manatees have a gestation period of 12 months and adult females can have only one calf about every two years. It takes 12 to 18 months for the calves to be weaned. The next photo shows a female with her calf.
A walkway parallels the one-third mile length of Blue Spring Run. The next photo shows us along the walkway. That's Barb, Kent and their Cairns terrier McKenzie on the right.
Along the way, Spanish moss-draped live oak trees frame views of the run with groups of manatees resting in the shallow water. Manatees must surface periodically to breath. They can remain submerged for up to 20 minutes at a time.
Some of the things that make Blue Spring such a good place to see manatees are the clarity of the water and the fact it is so shallow. Manatees are herbivores and eat various types of seaweed, grasses and algae. Although the 72 degree water of the spring attracts large numbers of manatees, there isn't much for them to eat in the short spring run. Therefore, the manatees must venture out into the colder St. Johns River to feed, then return to the spring run to warm up. That means there are usually some manatees moving slowly up and down the run which allows visitors to get a better look at them.
Speaking of there not being much to eat in the spring run, the manatees in the next photo are doing their best to find something. They were rolling over on their backs to nibble the tree roots hanging down into the water.
We strolled up the walkway all the way the head spring. About 100 million gallons a day of 72 degree water flows from the dark-colored fissure.
Scuba diving down into the spring is permitted, except in winter when manatees are present in the run. The water flows from a water-filled, narrow cave that is over 110 feet deep. Swimming, tubing, canoeing and kayaking are also permitted in the run in summer.
The members of the Louis Thursby family were the first permanent settlers in the Blue Spring area. They bought 122 acres and a three-room log cabin in 1856. In 1872, they began construction of a larger house on an old Indian mound along the spring run. The house is now part of the state park.
The Thursbys also built a landing along the St. Johns River, and by the 1880s there were up to 5 steamboats a day carrying freight and tourists stopping there. A horse-drawn, narrow-gauge railway was built to Orange City in 1881 to carry freight (mostly oranges) and passengers.
By the late 1800s, Henry Flagler had built his railway down the east coast of Florida from Jacksonville to Key West, and riverboat traffic began to decrease. There was a severe freeze in central Florida in 1895, and many orange trees were killed. Most orange groves were replanted farther south. The Thursbys switched to tourism taking advantage of the beauty of the spring and the fishing opportunities along the St. Johns River. The state acquired the land around the spring as a manatee refuge in 1972.
We thoroughly enjoyed our visit to Blue Spring State Park. It was interesting to be able to see manatees fairly close-up and to be able to learn more about them. We have more sightseeing planned, so stay tuned.